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| Poultry |
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| Poultry includes all domestic birds - chicken, ducks, geese and turkey. They are reared for their meat and eggs. Poultry farming in India has made rapid strides as poultry management is being done on scientific lines. The three indigenous breeds of fowls are Arlee or Indian Game (provides good meat but is a poor egg layer). The most popular varieties of this breed are Pella (golden red), Yakub (black and red), Nurie (white) and Kajal (black). The other Indian breeds are Karaknath and Busra. The exotic breeds are: |
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| Light sussex White Leghorn |
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| Black minorcha Rhode Island Red |
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| Barred Plymouth Australorp |
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 White Leghorn |
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| This is a highly reputed breed, which produces long white eggs. The body size is small and consumes less feed. |
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 Rhode Island Red |
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| This breed has high yield of meat and is a good egg layer. |
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| Maximum yield of eggs is obtained by keeping the poultry in comfortable, well ventilated, dry, clean and properly lighted houses. Birds of different ages should be kept separately. |
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| The first phase in the life of poultry is called the growing period and the chickens are called growers. During this stage the chickens require enough space. Overcrowding supresses their growth. The feed given is restricted and calculated. |
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| The second phase in the life of the poultry is called the laying period. This period is from the time of sexual maturity till the end of egg laying period. The chickens are now called layers. The layers require enough space and proper lighting. These factors have a direct effect on the laying output of the hen. The feed given to the poultry consists of cereals and cereal by-products of corn, wheat, rice and millets like jowar, ragi and bajra. Oil cake or meal, protein concentrates, fishmeal or meat meal, minerals and greens are included in the feed. The primary objective of feeding poultry is to convert low quality feeds into high quality food like meat and eggs. The birds act as small manufacturing factories to convert the raw materials into final finished products. |
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| Poultry fowls suffer from a number of diseases caused by virus, bacteria, fungi, parasites and nutritional deficiencies. Some of the diseases are fowl cholera, salmonellosis, fowl fox and parasitic infestations like roundworm, tapeworm and threadworm. Appropriate vaccinations and other preventive measures can prevent loss of poultry during an outbreak of disease. |
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| White Leghorn, Rhode Island Red, Plymouth rock, Barred Plymouth, Sussex and Minorcha are some of the exotic breeds utilized for the improvement of egg production and yield of meat in our country. |
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