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| Components of Closed Circulatory System in Man |
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| The components of the closed circulatory system in man are: |
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 A fluid that can carry all the materials to be transported (blood) |
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A pumping organ that can push the fluid through the body - as time taken is important (heart) |
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Many tubes through which the fluid can flow through the body (blood vessels) |
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| It is a red coloured, viscous, alkaline (pH about 7.4) fluid flowing through the body of higher animals. The adult human body consists of 5-6 litres of blood. It has two components: |
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Fluid plasma |
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Solid formed elements |
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| The elements include corpuscles and platelets. |
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| It forms about 55% of the blood (about 3 litres). Its composition is as follows: |
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| Water (92%) |
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| Soluble components |
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| The soluble components are: |
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| Proteins (7%) - includes hormones, enzymes, globulin antibodies, albumin and fibrinogen. (Blood plasma without fibrinogen and other clotting factors is called Serum and is a yellow watery fluid). |
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| Nutrients - include glucose, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol |
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| Metabolic Substances - include vitamins, lactic acid, urea and uric acid (non-protein nitrogenous substances - NPN) |
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| Inorganic Ions (0.9%) - include sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chlorine and radicals like sulphate, phosphate, etc. |
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| Pigments - include small amounts of bilirubin, carotenes, etc. that give the plasma its characteristic yellow colour. |
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Maintains osmotic pressure and viscosity of the blood |
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Helps in transport of various substances like the hormones, enzymes, etc. |
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Acts as a protein reservoir |
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Helps in clotting of blood |
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Helps in regulating body temperature |
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