Angiosperm Families


   
 
Sub Family Papillionatae (= Faboideae)
 
Characteristic Features
Habit: Mostly perennial herbs and shrubs, trees are also common. Some are climbers (Pisum, Lathyrus).
 
 
             fig. 27.17 Habit, L.S. of flower of Pisum sativum
 
 
fig. 27.18 Lathyrus and Pisum
 
Root: Branched taproot, usually with nodules containing bacteria of genus Rhizobium.
 
Stem: Herbaceous or woody, branched.
 
Leaf: Simple or compound, alternate, stipulate, leaf base is pulvinate.
 
Inflorescence: Racemose, simple or compound.
 
Flower: Bracteate, zygomorphic, bisexual, pedicellate, heterochlamydeous, pentamerous, hypogynous.
 
 
fig. 27.19 Flower
 
Calyx: Sepals 5, gamosepalous, hairy, valvate or imbricate aestivation.
 
Corolla: Petals 5, polypetalous, papillionaceous, with a standard (vexillum) petal, two wing petals (Alae) and two keel petals (carinae). Vexillary aestivation.
 
Androecium: Stamens 10, monadelphous or diadelphous, anthers dithecous.
 
 
fig.27.20 Androecium
 
Gynoecium: Monocarpellary, unilocular with ovules on marginal placentation. Ovary superior.
 
 
fig. 27.21 Gynoecium and TS of ovary
 
Fruit: A legume or lomentum.
 
 
Seed: Large, Non-endospermic
 
 
fig.27.22 L.S. of fruit and seeds
 
 
fig.27.23 Floral diagram
 
 
Floral formula
 
Common Examples
Pulses
 
1. Pisum sativum (pea)
 
2. Dolichos lablab (country bean)
 
3. Dolichos biflorus (horse gram)
 
4. Phaseolus mungo (black gram)
 
5. Phaseolus radiatus (green gram)
 
6. Cajanus cajan (red gram)
 
7. Glycine max (soya bean)
 
8. Cicer arientium (bengal gram)
 
Oil Yielding
 
1. Arachis hypogea (ground nut)
 
2. Pongamia pinnata (Pongam oil)
 
Timber Yielding
 
1. Dalbergia latifolia (Rosewood)
 
2. Dalbergia sisso (Sissoo)
 
Fibre Yielding
 
1. Crotolaria juncea (Sun hemp)
 
Medicinal
 
1. Clitoria ternatea used as antidote for snake bite in traditional practice of snake bite.
 
2. Desomodium gangeticus for curing cough and asthma.
 
Others
 
1. Indigofera tinctorea dye yielding (the famous of indigo of commerce)
 
2. Abrus precatorius Mature seeds sand used as weights by gold smiths in the past.
 
3. Butea monosperma ornamental plant, used for making eating plates.
 
 
fig. 27.24 Common Examples of SubFamily Papillionatae
 
  
     
   
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