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| Recombination of DNA Technology |
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| It is the most widely used technique in genetic engineering. It involves the formation of recombinant DNA and its introduction into an appropriate host. Recombinant DNA is the DNA formed by combining DNAs from different organisms. The technique requires skilful handling of genetic material and, therefore, the term genetic engineering is used to describe it. The properties of DNA which help in the formation of recombinant DNA are denaturation and renaturation. Denaturation is the separation of the two strands of DNA by breakdown of hydrogen bonds on heating. Renaturation is the reunion of the complementary strands on cooling, to form the DNA double helix. Thus, the single strands of DNA from different sources can join if these segments have complementary base pairs. |
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| Gene transfer involves the following stages: |
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 Isolating a useful DNA segment from the donor organism. |
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 Splicing the DNA into a suitable vector to ensure that each vector receives more than one DNA fragment. |
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 Producing multiple copies of this recombinant DNA. |
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 Inserting this altered DNA into a recipient organism. |
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 Screening of the transformed cells. |
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