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| Gene Manipulation (Genetic Engineering) |
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| Genetic engineering can be described as an in vitro manipulation of genes. It refers to artificial synthesis, modification, removal, addition and repair of the genetic material (DNA) to alter the genotype at will. It has evoked great interest because it may enable the geneticists in the near future to correct the disease-causing defective genes for the improvement of human race, and may be to even create life. |
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| Much before the advent of modern biotechnology, there were several practices that were commonly followed. Breeding (hybridisation) of plants and animals to change the genotype and phenotype of the hybrids is probably the oldest and the most widely used technique of genetic engineering. |
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| New technique |
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| In the recent years, many modern techniques have been developed which have enabled scientists to manipulate the genetic material. These include recombinant DNA technology, transformation and transduction. |
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