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| Interaction Between Members of a Species |
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| In nature there is always a kind of interdependence between different kinds of living organisms among themselves and also between biotic and abiotic components of ecosystem. |
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| Competition occurs among individuals of the same species for space, nutrients, reproduction, and so on, if these are in short supply. This is termed as intraspecific competitions. |
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| The interactions between the members of same species can be divided into two categories: |
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| a) Cooperative interactions |
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| b) Competitive interactions. |
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