| |
|
|
| |
 |
| Soil Pollution by Industrial Effluents and Solid Wastes |
|
|
| Large quantity of solid wastes like unused and rejected chemicals (like calcium carbonate, magnesium sulphate, ferrous chloride, ferrous oxide, radioactive wastes, fly ashes, sludge, press mud, saw dust, bottles, plastic materials) unwanted industrial wastes generated during manufacturing processes (rejection, broken items of metal, plastic, wooden or chemical solids, powders) are dumped over on the surface of soil by almost all industries with difference in the degree. Larger the production base, larger is the generation of wastes. Traditionally, these materials have been dumped around the factory site or around the entire city. Rarely, they are put to recycling or safe conversion. |
| |
| All these solid materials dumped on surface of soils are bound to change the chemical and physical nature of soil besides contributing large quantity of pollutants to underground water - whenever rain water passes through them. In most situations, solid wastes has caused problems such as foul smell (sugar and paper industry), disturbed air composition (fly ash from thermal power plants and cement industries) changed the physical nature of soil (coal and steel industrial wastes), as well as radioactive dangers (atomic power plants). |
| |
|
| Deposition of many agricultural chemicals in the underground layers of soil has disturbed the normal activities of soil including weathering and leaching. Water movement is badly affected in some soils, while in many irrigated soils, water table is built up to set in great change in chemical and biological nature of underground soil. For example living of earthworm, centipede, millipedes, frogs and rats under the ground has been greatly disturbed and their role in ecological equilibrium is badly affected. |
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
