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| Introduction |
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| The nitrogenous waste materials produced in the animal body due to metabolic reactions are of no use to the cell. These waste materials if allowed to accumulate in the body, may become toxic. Therefore, they must be removed from the body. The process of elimination of metabolic waster products from the animal body to regulate the composition of the body fluids and tissues is called excretion. |
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| The waste materials produced in an animal are of many kinds like nitrogenous substances, carbon dioxide, inorganic salts, vitamins and hormones. All these waste materials can be grouped into two categories as volatile and non-volatile. |
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| The volatile waste materials like carbon dioxide and water, may be lost as gas from the respiratory surface. |
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| The non-volatile materials are removed from the body as aqueous solution or suspension. |
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Osmoregulation and Excretion Animals
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