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| Role of Liver in Excretion |
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| The liver is a multipurpose,largest gland in vertebrates. It plays a vital role in excretion of many substances. |
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| (a) Liver changes the decomposed haemoglobin of the worn out red blood corpuscles into bile pigments bilirubin and biliverdin. These pigments are passed into the alimentary canal with the bile for elimination in the faces. |
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| (b) The liver also excretes cholesterol, steroid hormones, certain vitamins and drugs through the bile. |
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| (c) Urea is formed in the liver by a cyclic process called as urea cycle of Ornithine cycle or Knely - Henseleit cycle. The amino acids that are not needed in the body are deaminated by an enzyme oxidase, producing ammonia NH3. Ammonia, hung toxic, is quickly changed to urea. |
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| Three amino acids participate in the process. |
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| Ornithine combines with ammonia and carbon dioxide to form citrulline combines with more ammonia to form water and orgenine. |
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| Argeninine is then decomposed to form urea and Ornithine in the presence of enzyme arginase and water. Ornithine is set free for reuse in the urea cycle. |
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| Ornithine cycle in liver cells |
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Osmoregulation and Excretion Animals
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