Ecological Adaptations - Xerophytes

These are plants adapted to grow in dry habitats. They are classified into three categories on the basis of their morphology and life - cycle pattern.

Ephemeral Annuals

These plants are also called as drought evaders or drought escapers. They are annuals and complete their life cycle within a very short period. They do not withstand dry seasons but actually avoid them.

Examples: Argemone mexicana, Solanum xanthocarpum

Succulent

These plants grow in habitats with less or no water. They store water whenever it is available. They have succulent and fleshy organs like stems, leaves and roots which serve as water storage organs and accumulate large amounts of water during the brief rainy seasons.

Examples: Euphorbia and Opuntia

Non - succulent Perennials

These are drought resistant and called as true xerophytes. They possess a number of morphological, anatomical and physiological characteristics which enable them to withstand critical dry conditions.

Examples: Calotropis, Acacia, Casuarina and Nerium.