Organisms and the Environment


   
 
Habitat
The surroundings or the localities in which a variety of plants and animals occur in nature is called habitat. The word habitat means living or dwelling place. Habitat of an organism is a part of the total environment of the region and it must offer the resident organism food, shelter and climatic conditions that are well suited for the organism to survive, reproduce and flourish.
 
The habitat of an organism has 2 components
 
Abiotic components
 
Biotic components
 
The abiotic components are classified as follows.
 
Climatic factors
 
a) light
 
b) temperature
 
c) water - rainfall, precipitation
 
d) atmosphere (gases and wind)
 
e) fire
 
Topographic or physiographic factors
 
a) Altitude
 
b) Direction of mountain chains and valleys
 
c) Steepness and exposure of slopes
 
Edaphic factors - soil formation, physical and chemical properties of soil, nutrients.
 
The biotic factors are classified into 3 categories.
 
a) Producers
 
b) Consumers
 
c) Decomposers
 
Niche
Each and every organism has a role or function to play, and the role which an organism plays is called its niche. Habitat is the organisms address and the niche is its profession or job.
 
 
     
   
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