Genetics

  High School

• Meiosis
• Random chromosome segregation
• Fertilization
• DNA sequence
• Role of chromosomes in determining an individual's sex
• Possible combinations of alleles in a zygote from the genetic makeup of the parents
• Probable outcome of phenotypes in a genetic cross from the genotypes of the parents Mode of inheritance (autosomal or X-linked, dominant or recessive)
• Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment
• Mode of inheritance from a pedigree diagram showing phenotypes
• Estimating genetic distances between loci, and to interpret genetic maps of chromosomes
• Using tRNAs to translate genetic information in mRNA
• Genetic coding rules to predict the sequence of amino acids
• Mutations in the DNA sequence of a gene - effects
• Specialization of cells in multicellular organisms
• Proteins - number and sequence of amino acids, different shapes and chemical properties
• General structures and functions of DNA, RNA, and protein
• Base-pairing rules to explain precise copying of DNA during semi-conservative replication
• Transcription of information from DNA into mRNA
• Genetic engineering (biotechnology) - production of novel biomedical and agricultural products
• Basic DNA technology to construct recombinant DNA molecules
• Exogenous DNA inserted into bacterial cells