Hydrocarbons - Homologous Series


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Homologous series is a series of organic compounds having the same general formula, arranged in an ascending order of their molecular masses.

Each member of the series is called homologue.

Characteristics of homologous series

  • All homologues of a series have the same general formula e.g., all alkanes have the general formula CnH2n+2.
  • Each consecutive member differs from the next by one carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms (-CH2 group).
  • The difference in the molecular mass between two consecutive homologues is 14 amu.
  • The physical properties of homologues show a regular gradation.
  • Homologues of a series have similar chemical properties.
  • Homologues of a series have similar methods of preparation.

Advantages of homologous series

The study of organic compounds becomes easier with the knowledge of homologous series. The study of a vast number of organic compounds become restricted to the study of a few series of homologues.

Examples of homologous series

Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids etc. form separate homologous series.



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