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| Ionization |
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| 'The process of conversion of a neutral atom into charged ions to complete its octet is known as ionization.' |
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| In this process, the neutral atom loses or gains electrons. The particle that loses electrons gains positive charge equal to the number of electrons lost, while the particle that gains electrons gains negative charge equal to the number of electrons gained. |
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| When atoms from metallic elements combine with those from non-metals, they do so by transfer of electrons from one atom to another, forming compounds having "ionic or electrovalent" bonds. The neutral atom that loses an electron becomes a cation and the neutral atom that acquires an electron becomes an anion. |
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| For e.g., when a sodium atom combines with a chlorine atom to form sodium chloride, the sodium atom loses one electron and becomes positively charged ion. The chlorine atom gains the electron and it becomes negatively charged ion. |
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| Certain covalent molecules i.e. those molecules that share a pair of electrons, one being provided by each atom, also undergo ionization when dissolved in water. As a matter of fact the hydrogen ion when mixed with water combines with a molecule of water to form a hydronium ion (H3O+). |
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| Similarly the hydrogen ion from acids, when mixed with water combines with a molecule of water to form a hydronium ion (Fig.4.1). |
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Electrolytes and Electrolysis
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