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| Properties of Hydrochloric Acid |
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 Action on Indicators (Acidic Properties) |
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| a) It turns litmus paper from blue to red. |
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| b) It turns methyl orange from yellow to pink. |
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| c) It turns phenolpthalein (alkaline) from deep pink to colorless. |
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It reacts with metals to form their respective chlorides and liberates hydrogen. |
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It reacts with bases to form their respective chlorides and water. |
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It combines with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates to form their respective chlorides and liberate carbon dioxide. |
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It reacts with silver nitrate and lead nitrate solutions to form their white precipitates. |
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The precipitate of silver chloride dissolves, if aqueous ammonium hydroxide is added to it as silver chloride is soluble in ammonium hydroxide solution. |
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Lead chloride so obtained is however soluble only in hot water and when cooled, it forms white needle shaped crystals. |
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It forms the respective chlorides and liberates sulphur dioxide from sulphites and bisulphites. |
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It forms the respective chlorides and liberates hydrogen sulphide from sulphides. |
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Oxidizing Reactions |
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| Concentrated hydrochloric acid gets oxidized to chlorine by the action of oxidizing agents such as manganese dioxide, lead dioxide, red lead, potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate etc. |
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| The properties of hydrochloric acid are summarized in figure 5.10 shown below. |
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