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- Ammonia is produced by decay of plant and animal tissues. Nitrogenous organic matters like urea in the urine and excreta of animals get acted upon by bacteria releasing ammonia.
- Ammonia is manufactured by Haber's Process by the reaction of 1 volume of nitrogen gas and 3 volumes of hydrogen gas at 450oC and 152000 - 684000 mm of Hg pressure with iron as catalyst and molybdenum as promoter.
- Ammonia + acid = ammonium salt
- Ammonia is tested by exposing a glass rod dipped in concentrated hydrochloric acid where it produces dense white fumes of ammonium chloride.
- Ammonia is used in the preparation of nitric acid, fertilizers and as a refrigerant.
- Nitric acid is produced in large quantities in the atmosphere during thunder storms.
- It is manufactured by the Ostwald's Process by the reaction of ammonia and air in presence of platinum as catalyst at 700-800o C.
- Nitric acid is colourless in pure form. Commercial nitric acid is yellowish due to the presence of dissolved nitrogen dioxide.
- Basic oxide + nitric acid ----------------> nitrate salt + water
- Carbonate / hydrogen carbonate + nitric acid --------------> nitrate salt + water + carbon di oxide
- Nitric acid does not react with metals, to form salt and hydrogen except Mg and Mn.
- The presence of nitric acid or a nitrate salt can be detected by Brown Ring test.
- Nitric acid is used in the preparation of TNT (explosive), fertilizers, dyes, perfumes, drugs and aqua regia.
- Silver nitrate is used in photography, in silvering mirrors and in making marking ink.
- Ammonium nitrate is used in pyrotechnics and in freezing mixture. It is a good fertilizer and a powerful explosive.
