Formation of Molecules having Double Bond

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Formation of oxygen (O₂)Molecule

Each oxygen atom has six electrons in its valence shell. Thus, it requires 2 more electrons to achieve the nearest noble gas configuration. This is achieved by sharing two pairs of electrons by the two oxygen atoms as shown below:

Formation of carbon dioxide molecule (CO₂)

The electronic configurations of carbon and oxygen are,

Thus, each carbon atom requires four, and each oxygen atom requires two more electrons to acquire noble gas configurations. This is achieved as follows:

Formation of nitrogen (N₂)Molecule

Nitrogen atom has five electrons in its valence shell. Thus, it requires three more electrons to acquire a stable configuration of the nearest noble gas (neon). This is done by mutually sharing three pairs of electrons as shown below:

Formation of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) molecule

The carbon atom in HCN, shares one electron-pair with hydrogen, thus forming a single covalent bond with H atom. The C atom shares three electron pairs with N atom to form a triple bond between C and N. The combining of atoms and Lewis structure of HCN molecule is given below: