Dichlorodifluoromethane

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It is prepared by the action of antimony trifluoride on carbon tetrachloride in the presence of antimony pentachloride.

Freon is non-toxic, non-inflammable, non-corrosive and highly stable even at high temperature and pressures. It has low boiling point and can easily be liquefied by applying pressure at room temperature. Therefore, it is widely used as a refrigerant (cooling agent) in refrigerators and air conditioners. It is also used as a propellant in aerosols and foams.

Analysis between haloalkanes and haloarenes

The haloalkanes and haloarenes can be distinguished by the following tests:

Silver nitrate test

In this test, the halide is warmed with aqueous or alcoholic KOH. The solution is then acidified with dilute HNO₃ and AgNO₃ solution is added.

If precipitation occurs, it indicates alkyl, benzyl or allyl halides.

If precipitation does not occur, it indicates aryl or vinyl halides.

It may be noted that the precipitate formed should be soluble in dilute HNO₃.

Lassaigne's test

This test is performed to identify the halogen atom present in the compound. In this test, Lassaigne's solution is prepared by heating the compound with sodium metal. The Lassaigne solution is boiled with dilute HNO₃ to expel all the gases if evolved. Then AgNO₃ solution is added to the resulting solution.

White precipitate soluble in NH₄OH indicates the presence of chloride. Light yellow precipitate partially soluble in NH₄OH indicates bromide. Dark yellow precipitate insoluble in NH₄OH indicates iodide.