Universal Indicators
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A mixture of several indicators with a wide range of pH is an universal indicator. These are obtained by mixing certain indicators that behave like a single indicator. The changes in colour may occur over a considerable portion of the pH range. These can be used for approximate pH of a solution. For example, a mixture of suitable amounts of alcoholic solutions of phenolphthalein, methyl red, methyl yellow, bromothymol blue and thymol blue in sodium hydroxide solution is yellow in colour. The colour changes at different pH values are:
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