The molecular orbital electronic configuration of H2 molecule is:
H2 : (s1s)2
Hydrogen Molecule (H2)
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It is formed by the combination of two hydrogen atoms. Each hydrogen atom has one electron in 1s-orbital and, therefore, there are two electrons in hydrogen molecule. Both these electrons are to be accommodated in the lowest energy molecular orbital. According to Pauli's exclusion principle, these two electrons should have opposite spins. The molecular orbital energy level diagram for H2 molecule is as shown below.
fig 1.16 - Molecular orbital energy level diagram for H2 molecule
This means that two hydrogen atoms are bonded together by a covalent bond. The bond dissociation energy of hydrogen molecule has been found to be 458 kJ mol-1 and bond length equal to 74 pm. Moreover, since no unpaired electron is present in hydrogen molecule, it is diamagnetic.
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