As noted above, reaction rates are affected by various factors. To study the effects of these factors, one needs to first determine the rate of a reaction.
Surface Area of a Solid Reactant or Catalyst
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In heterogenous reactions where one of the phase is a solid, the surface area of the solid affects the rate of a reaction. An increase in surface area leads to an increase in the rate of a reaction. For e.g., lycopodium powder is easily ignited to produce a yellow flame since a powder has a large surface area per volume and therefore burns rapidly.
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