Nuclear Chemistry Introduction

Atoms contain three fundamental particles namely electrons, protons and neutrons. Protons and neutrons constitute the nucleus whereas electrons are present in the extra nuclear region of the atom.

Chemical changes are caused by rearrangements of outer electrons while nuclei retain their identity. Consequently the identity of atoms remains the same.

In the beginning of 20^th century, another kind of transformation, which involves changes in the atomic nucleus was observed by scientists. Certain elements were found to undergo spontaneous changes in their nuclei, resulting in the formation of atoms of different elements. These transformations are called nuclear reactions.

The nuclear reactions have become tremendous source of energy all over the world, both for peaceful and destructive purposes. Nuclear chemistry is the branch of chemistry, which deals with the study of atomic nucleus and nuclear changes.

The knowledge gained in the fields of nuclear and radiochemistry has provided valuable information about the structure of atom, it has unlocked the secret to the process of transforming one element into another, and has gifted mankind a new source of energy - the nuclear energy.