The Solid State

Classification of Crystalline Solids

Crystalline solids can be further classified depending on the nature of the bonding as:

Ionic

Molecular

Covalent

Metallic

Classification of Crystalline solids

Some substances adopt different structural arrangements under different conditions. Such arrangements are called Polymorphs.

Example: Diamond and graphite are two different polymorphic forms of carbon.

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	Introduction
	Classification of Crystalline Solids
	Space Lattice and Unit Cell
	The Seven Crystal System
	Types of Unit Cells
	Calculation of Number of Particles per Unit Cell of a Cubic Crystal System
	Packing of Constituent Particles in Crystals
	Types of Voids
	Derivation of the Relationship Between Radius r of the Tetrahedral Void and the Radius R of the Atoms in the Close Packing
	Derivation of the Relationship Between Radius r of the Octahedral Void and the Radius R of the Atoms in the Close Packing
	Examples of Some Substances Having Close Packed Structures
	Structures of Oxides of Iron
	Radius Ratio Rules
	Some Important Relations
	Efficiency of packing in hcp and ccp structures
	Calculation of Density of a Cubic Crystal from its Edge Length
	Ionic Radius
	X-Ray Study of Crystals
	Structures of Simple Ionic Compounds
	Defects in Crystals
	Types of defects in Crystals
	Stoichiometric Defects
	Non-stoichiometric Defects
	Properties of Solids - Electrical Properties
	Magnetic Properties of Solids
	Dielectric Properties of Solids
	Piezoelectricity
	Superconductivity
	Amorphous Solids
	Numericals
	Conclusion

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