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- The mean deviation (M.D) of a statistical data is defined as the arithmetic mean of the numerical values of the deviations of the items from some average.
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- For an individual series,
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- For a frequency distribution,
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- If M.D is calculated about mean, then it is written as M.D (x).
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- The standard deviation of a statistical data is defined as the positive square root of the A.M of the squared deviations of items from the A.M. of the series under consideration.
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- For an individual series,
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- For a frequency distribution,
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- Coefficient of variation (C.V)

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- Let s1
and s2 be the
S.D of the two groups containing n1 and n2
items respectively. Let
and be their respective A.M. Let x and
s be the A.M
and S.D of the combined group respectively.
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