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- The mean deviation (M.D) of a statistical data is defined as the arithmetic mean of the numerical values of the deviations of the items from some average.
- For an individual series,
- For a frequency distribution,
- If M.D is calculated about mean, then it is written as M.D (x).

- The standard deviation of a statistical data is defined as the positive square root of the A.M of the squared deviations of items from the A.M. of the series under consideration.
- For an individual series,
- For a frequency distribution,

- Variance = (S.D.)2
- Coefficient of variation (C.V)

- Let s1 and s2 be the S.D of the two groups containing n1 and n2 items respectively. Let
and
be their respective A.M. Let x and s be the A.M and S.D of the combined group respectively.



