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| Verification of the Laws of Reflection |
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 Fix a sheet of white paper on a drawing board. |
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Draw a line MM' on it and mark a point O at the center of the line and a normal ON on MM'. |
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Draw IO, the incident ray in such a way that  is less than 900. |
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Place a strip of plane mirror vertically with its silvered surface on MM'. |
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| Reflection of Light by a Plane Mirror |
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Fix two pins P and Q on the incident ray IO. |
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Fix P' and Q' on other side of the normal, to represent the reflected image of P and Q, as observed in the mirror as P' and Q' |
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Remove the pins and draw a line OR passing through P' and Q' to represent the reflected ray. |
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Measure the angle of incidence  and the angle of reflection  . |
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 and P, Q, P', Q', N and O lie in the same plane, thus verifying the laws of reflection. |
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Repeat the experiment for different measures of angle of incidence. The laws of reflection are found to be always true for different values of angle of incidence. |
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