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| Sign Convention for Lenses |
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| Following sign convention is used for measuring various distances during the formation of images by lenses: |
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 All distances on the principal axis are measured from the optical
center. |
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 The distances measured in the direction of incident rays are positive and all the distances measured in the direction opposite to that of the incident rays are negative. |
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 All distances measured above the principal axis are positive. Thus, height of an object and that of an erect image are positive and all distances measured below the principal axis are negative. |
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| The following table gives the sign convention for lenses: |
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