The centre of mass is an imaginary point where one can assume the entire mass of the given system or object to be positioned.
Consider a system consisting of two point masses m1 and m2, whose position vectors at a time t with reference to the origin O of the
inertial frame are
respectively.
This can be written mathematically as
Similarly, for the point mass m2 ,
According to the Newton's second law of motion, the equation of motion of point mass m1 is
Similarly, for the second particle
Adding equations (3) and (4), we get
which implies,
From (1) and (2),
According to Newton's third law,
From equation (5),
Where m = m1 + m2, that is the mass of a hypothetical object. Its position at any time is given by position vector such that,
This is nothing but the position vector and is called the centre of the mass of the two-particle system.
It is the point where the total external force is supposed to act.
For a two-particle system, the centre of mass lies between the two particles and on the line joining them.
If i.e., the mid-point of the line joining the masses.
respectively.
and is called the centre of the mass of the two-particle system.
is supposed to act.
i.e., the mid-point of the line joining the masses.