Formulae and Facts


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1) Electric potential 'V' due to a point charge

Electric potential due to a point charge

'V' due to dipole (axial line)

Electric potential due to dipole

'V' due to dipole (equatorial line) is zero.

2) P.d and electric field

potential difference in electric field

3) Capacitance

Capacitance formula

where Q is charge on either plates and V the p.d between plates.

4) C for a parallel plate capacitor

C for a parallel plate capacitor

where A is area of plates and d the distance between the plates.

5) Capacitance of a parallel plate on introducing a conducting slab of thickness 't'

Capacitance of a parallel plate on conducting slab

6) Capacitance of a parallel plate on introducing a dielectric slab (er) of thickness t.

Capacitance of a parallel plate

7) Effective capacitance when connected in series

Effective capacitance when connected in series

8) Effective capacitance when connected in parallel

Ceff = C1 + C2 + C3

9) Energy stored in capacitor on charging is

Energy stored in capacitor on charging

10) SI unit of potential is joule.

SI unit of capacitance is farad.

SI unit of polarisation is Cm-2.

of atomic polarisability 'a' is m3.

SI unit of energy density is Jm-3.

12) Potential energy of a single charge due to an external field is given by q v(r) where q is charge and v(r) is external potential at point 'r'.

13) Potential energy of a system of two charges (q1, q2) located at r1, r2 respectively is given by

Potential energy of a system of two charges

14) Potential energy due to dipole moment in a uniform field is

V = -p.E

where p is dipole moment and 'E' the electric field.

15) The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor in vacuum is given by

capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor in vacuum

where 'd' is separation distance of the plates.


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