Formulae and Facts

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1) Electric potential 'V' due to a point charge

'V' due to dipole (axial line)

'V' due to dipole (equatorial line) is zero.

2) P.d and electric field

3) Capacitance

where Q is charge on either plates and V the p.d between plates.

4) C for a parallel plate capacitor

where A is area of plates and d the distance between the plates.

5) Capacitance of a parallel plate on introducing a conducting slab of thickness 't'

6) Capacitance of a parallel plate on introducing a dielectric slab (e_r) of thickness t.

7) Effective capacitance when connected in series

8) Effective capacitance when connected in parallel

C_eff = C₁ + C₂ + C₃

9) Energy stored in capacitor on charging is

10) SI unit of potential is joule.

SI unit of capacitance is farad.

SI unit of polarisation is Cm^-2.

of atomic polarisability 'a' is m³.

SI unit of energy density is Jm^-3.

12) Potential energy of a single charge due to an external field is given by q v(r) where q is charge and v(r) is external potential at point 'r'.

13) Potential energy of a system of two charges (q₁, q₂) located at r₁, r₂ respectively is given by

14) Potential energy due to dipole moment in a uniform field is

V = -p.E

where p is dipole moment and 'E' the electric field.

15) The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor in vacuum is given by

where 'd' is separation distance of the plates.