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| Arithmetic Circuits |
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| Arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction and complex operations such as multiplication, division etc., are performed by using digital circuits called adders, which again consists of basic logical gates. |
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| Repeated addition gives multiplication. |
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| Repeated subtraction gives division. |
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| Half adder |
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| It adds two binary digits at a time. |
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| Truth Table of Half adder |
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| A B SUM CARRY |
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| 0 0 0 0 |
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| 0 1 1 0 |
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| 1 0 1 0 |
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| 1 1 0 1 |
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| It adds three binary digits at a time |
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| Truth table |
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| (c) |
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| If the electronic compounds like resistors, capacitors, diodes and transistors are compactly put in a small piece of material, it is called as integrated circuit. This single small package performs a complete electronic function. Thin slice of crystal of silicon of the order of 0.5 cm, are called as 'wafers'. These wafers are used to make integrated circuits, in short, IC. |
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| Not only resistors capacitors, logic gates can also be grown in integrated chips. The different components are connected internally to produce desired circuits. Depending on the number of components fabricated on a chip, IC's are classified as MSI (medium scale integrated circuits), LSI (large scale integrated circuits). |
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| What are the advantages of making these integrated circuits? They are compact, highly reliable, lesser weight, low cost, heat proof and require low power to operate. |
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| These IC's are used in television, radio circuits and in computers. |
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