Components of the Cell
The cell, when seen under a light microscope, reveals the following main components:
Cell Wall
The cell wall is present only in plant cells. It is made up of a complex polysaccharide (carbohydrate) called cellulose. Its function is to give strength and rigidity to the cell. It is non-living.
Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)
Cell membrane is present in both plant and animal cells. It is living, elastic and made of proteins and lipids (fats). Its function is to provide a mechanical barrier for the protection of the inner cell contents and to regulate the movement of molecules in and out of the cell.
Cytoplasm
The part of the cell between the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane is called the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm consists of the matrix and the organelles. The matrix is a transparent semi fluid substance. When active, it is always in a state of movement. The organelles are found embedded in the cytoplasm. They have definite shape, structure and function. All the metabolic activities of the cell such as synthesis, secretion, digestion and energy generation, are performed by the different cell organelles. Cell organelles can be seen only with the help of an electron microscope.
