Matter In Our Surroundings


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Summary
  • Matter - anything which has mass, occupies space and can be perceived by our senses.
  • Law of conservation of matter - matter can neither be created nor destroyed.
  • The states of matter are solid, liquid gas, plasma and super cooled solid.
  • The three main states of matter are solid, liquid and gas
  • Solids are rigid with minimum intermolecular spaces and maximum intermolecular attraction.
  • Liquids have lower density than solids because the molecules are more loosely packed with larger inter-molecular spaces.
  • Gases have extremely low density and rigidity with very loosely packed molecules.
  • There is an attractive force existing between the molecules in all states of matter.
  • Gases are highly compressible as compared to liquids and solids.
  • Matter can be inter-converted from one state to the other by the addition or removal of heat energy.
  • Certain substances change directly into the gaseous state without passing through the liquid state on heating. This process is called sublimation.
  • Boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which a liquid changes into its vapour. It depends on the external pressure and the presence of impurities in the liquid.
  • Melting point is the temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid.
  • Evaporation is a surface phenomenon of liquid changing into vapour that causes cooling.


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