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| Summary
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- Electric potential is the condition that determines direction of flow of charge. Electrical potential at a point in an electric field is defined as the amount of work done in bringing a unit positive charge from infinity to that point.
- Electrical potential is a scalar quantity.
- The potential difference between two points in an electric field is the amount of work done in moving a unit positive charge from one point to the other.
- The rate of flow of charges constitutes current.
- Ohm's law states that the current flowing through a metallic conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across its ends, provided temperature and other physical conditions of the conductor remains the same.
- The opposition or obstruction offered by a conductor to the passage of
drifting electrons is called electric resistance.
- Ohm is the unit of resistance.
- When the resistances are combined in series the equivalent resistance is the sum of the individual resistance.
- When the resistances are connected in parallel the reciprocal of the equivalent resistance is equal to the sum of the reciprocals of the individual resistances.
- The amount of heat generated in a conductor of resistance 'R', when current 'I' flows through it in a given time 't', is given by I2 Rt.
- Electric power is defined as the rate at which electric energy is
dissipated or consumed in an electric circuit.
- Electric power is said to be one watt if a potential difference of one volt causes a current of one ampere to flow through a conductor.
- Kilowatt-hour or kWh is the commercial unit of electrical energy.
- 1 kWh is defined as the amount of electrical energy consumed in 1 hour
when the rate of consumption is 1000Joules/second
1kWh = 3.6 x 106 Joules
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