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- Place a prism on a white sheet of paper with the triangular face on the sheet and trace its boundary ABC.
- Fix two pins T and S on one side.
- Place the prism on the boundary ABC.
- Looking through the other side fix two more pins Q and R in such a way that the all four pins appear to be in the same line.
- Remove the pins and mark their positions.
- Join TS and RQ and extend them to meet the faces of the prism at P and O respectively.
- Join PO.
- TP represents the incident ray
- PO represents the refracted ray
- And OR represents the emergent ray which is bent towards the base.
- Let PN and ON be the normal at the points P and O respectively.
- And let i be the angle of incidence and r the angle of refraction.
- If the incident ray TP is extended forward and the emergent ray RO backwards, they meet at M, forming the angle OML.
- Measure the angle OML.
- This angle is called the angle of deviation.
- Angle of deviation is the angle through which an incident ray deviates.
- Repeat this for different values of angle of incidence.
