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Introduction |
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Transportation whether in plants or animals is the key to the efficient assimilation of the nutrients that the organisms synthesise, get from their environment or digest. |
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Transportation in Human Beings |
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The transport system in animals is called the circulatory system. The materials are transported from one part of the body to another by a mass flow system which is the circulatory system. |
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Blood Circulatory System |
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The exchange of materials between the cells and the blood is done directly. There are few blood vessels but they are not extensive. |
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Components of Closed Circulatory System in Man |
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A pumping organ that can push the fluid through the body - as time taken is important (heart). |
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Components of Closed Circulatory System in Man - Contd 1 |
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Haemoglobin is composed of an iron containing pigment called haeme and a protein called globin. |
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Components of Closed Circulatory System in Man - Contd 2 |
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The damaged platelets release a substance called thromboplastin. This sets in action, a series of reactions that result in the formation of clots. |
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Blood Vessels |
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The human circulatory system is a closed circulatory system. The blood flows in closed vessels without coming in direct contact with the cells of the body. |
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Heart |
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The human heart is a muscular, cone-shaped, hollow organ about the size of a fist (about 12cm in length and 9cm in breadth). |
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The Heart Beat |
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The heart beat results in electropotential differences spreading over the heart muscles. These follow a specific pattern. Any change in the pattern indicates an abnormality. |
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Blood Pressure |
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The pressure created during the ventricular systole is called the systolic pressure and is equal to that exerted by 120 mm column of Hg (mercury). |
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Circulation |
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The passage of blood throughout the body under the influence of the pressure exerted by the heart is called circulation. |
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Lymphatic System |
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The lymph vessels also have walls that are single celled in thickness. The lymph vessels join together to form the bigger lymph ducts. |
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Transport in Plants |
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The materials to be transported across the plant body are water, minerals and food. Apart from these nutrients, substances like the hormones also have to be transported. |
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Processes Involved in Transport |
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It is a physical process that involves the movement of solute particles from the region of their higher concentration to the region of their lower concentration. |
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Transpiration |
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Transpiration is the loss of water from the aerial parts of the plant in the form of water vapour. |
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Ascent of Sap - Transport of Water |
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Plants absorb water from the soil through the roots. Thus, water has to be transported upwards to the other parts of the plant. |
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Transport of Minerals |
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Minerals are absorbed from the soil along with water as they are dissolved in water. They are taken up in the ionic form. |
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Transport of Food |
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Food is manufactured in the form of carbohydrates (sucrose) in the leaves. Thus, food is transported as sucrose along phloem. |
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Summary |
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# Vascular system in plants relies mainly on physical processes whereas transport in animals utilises muscular energy. |
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Question and Answers |
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Multiple Choice Questions |
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