valence electrons

valence electrons : In science, valence electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom, which are important in determining how the atom reacts chemically with other atoms. Atoms with a complete shell of valence electrons (corresponding to an electron configuration s 2 p 6) tend to be chemically inert. Atoms with one or two valence electrons more than a closed shell are highly reactive because the extra electrons are easily removed to form positive ions. Atoms with one or two valence electrons less than a closed shell are also highly reactive because of a tendency either to gain the missing electrons and form negative ions, or to share electrons and form covalent bonds. Valence electrons have the ability, like electrons in inner shells, to absorb or release energy in the form of photons. This gain or loss of energy can trigger an electron to move (jump) to another shell or even break free from the atom and its valence shell. When an electron absorbs energy in the form of one or more photons,....   More from Wikipedia

valence electrons : In quantum chemistry, N-Electron Valence state Perturbation Theory (NEVPT) is a perturbative treatment applicable to multireference CASCI-type wavefunctions. It can be considered as a generalization of the well-known second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory to multireference Complete..   More from Wikipedia

valence electrons : A quantum dot is a semiconductor nanostructure that confines the motion of conduction band electrons, valence band holes, or excitons (bound pairs of conduction band electrons and valence band holes) in all three spatial directions. See also: Matter & Energy Physics Quantum Physics Quantum Computing Computers & Math Quantum Computers Hacking Encryption The confinement can be due to electrostatic potentials (generated by external electrodes, doping, strain, impurities), the presence of an interface between different semiconductor materials (e.g. in core-shell nanocrystal systems), the presence of the semiconductor surface (e.g. semiconductor nanocrystal), or a combination of these. A quantum dot has a discrete quantized energy spectrum. The corresponding wave functions are spatially localized within the quantum dot, but extend over many periods of the crystal lattice. A quantum dot contains a small finite number (of the order of 1-100) of conduction band electrons, valence band holes, o....   More from Science Daily

  Looking at valence electrons to figure out reactivity

  A simple way to draw the preferred Lewis electron dot structure for the nitrite anion. I simply draw the valence electrons around each atom and place the extra electron on an unpaired electron. When there's more than one unpaired electron, I put it the most electronegative atom. Then, I form bonds to make each atom as "happy" as possible (ie. complete octet). :) I prefer this method to the "add up all valence electrons + add/subtract the charges + distribute accordingly" method that is ...

Question : Number of valence electrons: Number of bonding electrons: Number of non-bonding electrons: I understand what they are asking me but what i dont understand is what they mean by valence electrons. And if they are asking me for bonding electrons does each bond count as two electrons or one? does a double bond count for four? and do they mean lone pairs when they say non-bonding? Thanks for clearing this up for me..

Answer : valence electron refers to the electron accepted or donated by the element to complete its octet or duplet i.e most stable state. bonding electron refers to the number of electron shared by each atom. each bond consist two electrons but with the contribution of single electron from two different molecule. but as if u r asking whether each bond count as two electron or one then i must tell it counts two. non bonding electron are those electron which doesn't participate in bond formation. e.g. lone pair...   More from Yahoo Answers

Question : The electron configuration is: 1s^2, 2s^2, 2p^6, 3s^2, 3p^6, 4s^2, 3d^10, 4p^4 . It has 6 valence electrons. Nonetheless, the valence shell is 4, and the highest number of electrons on one of the valence shell ones is 4 electrons, so how does it have 6?

Answer : The valence electrons are located in the highest energy level. In this case, the highest energy level is 4 and it includes the sublevels 4s and 4p. So, the number of valence electrons is the sum of the electrons in 4s and 4p...   More from Yahoo Answers

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