analyzing dna sequences

DNA molecule is a double helical structure made of deoxyribo nucleotides. RNA is also present in nucleus as well as cytoplasm. DNA is the major source of genetic information which is copied into RNA molecules (transcription). The sequence of nucleotides contains the '..

In order to maintain its own special characteristics a cell must manufacture proteins exactly similar to those already present in it. Thus, protein synthesis requires specificity control to provide instructions about the exact sequence in which the given numbers and kinds of amino acids ..

It is a complex process and involves the participation of over a dozen enzymes and other protein factors. The intertwined DNA starts separating from a particular point and this is known as the origin of replication. The second step is that the two strands of DNA separate, before..

The technique of finger printing was perfected by British genetist Dr. Alec Jeffreys in 1984. fig. 25.9 Identical Twins No two people (other than identical twins) have exactly the same sequence of bases in their DNA. By detecting these, the differences in DNA sequ..

DNA is a double stranded molecule (double helix) with each strand being made up of many nucleotide units. Each nucleotide is made up of a nitrogenous base, a sugar molecule and a phosphoric acid molecule. Each DNA molecule has two such polynucleotide chains joined to each other..

The histone coat protecting the DNA double helix of the gene to be transcribed is removed, on a signal from the cytoplasm, exposing the polynucleotide sequences in this region of DNA. The RNA polymerase enzyme binds to a specific site, called promoter, in the DNAh..

RNA polymerase after recognizing the promoter region releases sigma factor and continues the transcription. The sequence of bases in RNA is complementary to DNA template. For e.g., if base sequence in DNA is ATCGGTAC - the base sequence in RNA is U..

It represents about 5 to 10% of the total RNA. It is synthesised from DNA as and when necessary. It carries the genetic information in the form of a specific sequence of nitrogen bases arranged in triplet codons, which are copies from the code in DNA..

These are used to break DNA molecule into fragments. They are further of three kinds, Exonucleases, which release nucleotides from 5 or 3 ends of a DNA molecule; Endonucleases, which cleave DNA helix at any point except the at the terminal ends and Restriction..

Genomics is the study of genomes and genes based on DNA sequencing. Genome is the total gene complement of a haploid set of chromosomes and inherited as a unit from one paren..