aquatic chemical kinetics

Processes by which substances are transformed to one or several products are called chemical reactions. Chemical processes that occur in the presence of light, like sunlight, are called photochemical reactions. These processes can occur naturally or under controlled condit..

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. Transition State explains the rate of reaction in term of formation of a transition state of reacting molecules. The formation of transition state requires energy of activation. Transition state theory connects kinetic rates with thermodynamic properties of reactants and the transition ..

>Matter consists of molecules. These are the smallest particles, which are capable of free existence and retain all the chemical properties of the parent substance. The molecules are always in a state of random continuous motion. The molecules exert forces on one another. These forces dep..

Industrial and municipal waste waters and mine run offs cause various metals and metallic compounds to be released into water. These pollutants also enter the water bodies as acid rain and their sulphate and nitrate ions make water acidic. Most inorganic compounds are toxic, particularly, those of..

Heating Effects: Joule's Law - When a potential difference is applied across the ends of a conductor, the free electrons are accelerated and acquire kinetic energy. As the electrons move through, they collide with the positive ions and atoms of the conductor and transfer their kineti..

Pesticides, detergents, chemical dyes and other industrial chemicals and their waste constitute synthetic organic compounds. When present in water, these chemicals can act as toxic poisons for plants, animals and humans. Such chemicals enter the hydrosphere ..

Aquatic life in water depends upon the presence of dissolved oxygen. Unless a minimum amount of the dissolved gas is present in lakes and rivers, fish and other aquatic life will die. Many pollutants in the water are biodegradable and some are non-biodegradable. Complex molecul..

We come across in our day-to-day life different forms of energy, like the mechanical energy, heat energy, electrical energy, chemical energy etc. Here in this chapter, we are mainly concerned with mechanical energy. The two types of mechanical energy are kinetic energy and poten..

Let us see what is actually taking place in the following examples: Steam engine: The coal burns. Heat due to the combustion of coal converts water into steam. The expansive force exerted by the steam on the piston of the engine moves the locomotive. Chemical energy is converted to heat e..