aryl halides or haloarenes

Preparation of haloarenes - Preparative methods of haloarenes ar..

Haloarenes are colorless liquids or crystalline solids. Aryl halides are heavier than water. Being heavier than water, they are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. The melting and boiling points of aryl halides are nearly ..

ArX where Ar is arene. 'X' is halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) Haloarenes or aryl halides are halogen derivatives of aromatic hydrocarbons, which are derived by replacing hydrogen atom attached to the benzene ring by a halogen atom. Therefore, in haloarenes, the ..

The monohalogen derivatives of alkanes are called alkyl halides. Their names are derived by naming the attached alkyl group to halogen and adding the name of the halide. For example, ..

. The above reactions involve nucleophilic substitution process. Hence this method is not suitable for preparing aryl cyanides because aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reactio..

The solution of freshly prepared aromatic diazonium salt on reaction with cuprous chloride on cuprous bromide gives corresponding aryl chloride or aryl bromide. This reaction is called sand maeyer reaction. The arylchlorides or bromides can also be prepared by Gattermann re..

. The reaction is a typical example of nucleophilic substitution reaction. Here the ammonia molecules in the first step and the amine molecules in the subsequent steps act as nucleophile..

The sp 2 hybridized carbon atom in the C-X bond in haloarene molecule is more electronegative than the sp 3 hybrid carbon atom in alkyl halide. This carbon has less tendency to release electrons to the chlorine atom and so the C-Cl bond in aryl halides is ..

Aryl halide undergo 'Wurtz Fittig reaction' when heated with alkyl halide in the presence of sodium in anhydrous ether. Halogen atom is replaced by alkyl group. ..

The carbon atom of the C-X bond in haloalkanes, is sp 3 hybridised while in haloarenes the carbon atom is sp 2 hybridized. The sp 2 hybridized carbon atom with a greater 's' character is more electronegative. It can hold the electron pair of the bond more tightly than the sp 3 hybrid..