atomic models

. The atom of metallic elements contain only 1 to 3 valence electrons, therefore these atoms cannot form covalent bonds, with noble gas configurations as they will remain incomplete. Covalent compounds are bad conductors of electricity and are generally liquids; properties oppos..

= 3/2R agrees with experiment for monatomic gases but fails for diatomic and polyatomic gases. Let us try to explain the discrepancy by considering the possibility that molecules with more than one atom can store internal energy in forms other than translational motion. The above figure s..

The scope of physics is very large. Physics deals with a wide variety of disciplines such as mechanics, heat and light. Study of mechanics helps us to know the forces involved in the flight of a bird, walk of a man and so on. The study of heat helps us to know the rise and fall of temperatures, wo..

Dalton had postulated that matter is made up of atoms, which are indivisible. Thomson was the first to suggest a structure for an atom. According to him, an atom is a positively charged sphere of radius=10 - 1 0 m in which the mass and the positive charge of the h..

. The light reaction, in which light energy is captured by chlorophyll and converted to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH. The dark reaction, in which carbon atoms are reduced and carbohydrates formed. In the currently accepted model of the light reactions in photosynthesis, ..

Although Rutherford's model was enormously successful at explaining the scattering of alpha particles, there was a problem when the experimental data were used to calculate the mass of the nucleus. From the results of the scattering experiments, it was possible to calculate the charge on..

) Enzymes bind the substrate by multiple weak interactions. These weak interactions are electrostatic bonds, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals' forces and hydrophobic interactions. van der Waals' forces become significant in binding only when many substrate species can come simultaneously close to many..

In 1890, Sachse said that two puckered (non planar) models of cyclohexane are possible where the valence bonds of all the carbons were at tetrahedral angle to each other. They were found to be free from strain. One is the rigid chair form and the other the flexible boat form . There i..

. On passing through A, only the vertical vibration of the string appears and these continue to go through B and come out finally. When the slit of board B is placed perpendicular to A, no vibrations appear to come out of B, although vibrations appear in the region between A and B. We therefore say..