Tin and Lead
Tin and Lead - Tin and lead (Sn and Pb) belong to group 14 of the periodic table. They have four electrons in their valence shell, their valence shell configuration being ns 2 np 2 . These elements exhibit oxidation states of +2 and +4. The oxidation state +2 is more common beca..
Lead (II) halides
There are more stable. Lead (II) halides are sparingly soluble solids and are easily prepared by adding halide ions to a soluble lead (II) salt...
There are more stable. Lead (II) halides are sparingly soluble solids and are easily prepared by adding halide ions to a soluble lead (II) salt...Table of Symbols, Atomic Number and Relative Atomic Masses
Element Symbol Atomic Number Relative Atomic mass Actinium Ac 89 227 Aluminium Al 13 27 Americium Am 95 243 Antimony Sb 51 122 Argon Ar 19 40 Arsenic As 38 75 Astatine At 95 210 Barium B..
Atoms and Nuclei Summary
Summary - Dalton had postulated that matter is made up of atoms, which are indivisible. Thomson was the first to suggest a structure for an atom. According to him, an atom is a positively charged sphere of radius=10 - 1 0 m in which the mass and the positive charge of ..
High nuclear charge and small atomic size
High nuclear charge and smaller atomic size leads to the increase in Ionisation energy of the combining elements.Therefore it favours covalent bond formation, because the transfer of electrons in such cases will not be possibl..
Types of overlapping
Various type of atomic orbital overlap leads to covalent bond formation. 's-s' overlap The half filled 's' orbitals overlap each other. 's-p' overlap A half filled 's' orbitals of one atom overlaps with one of the 'p' orbitals having only one electro..
Problems Based on Mass - Mass Relationship
Example: 24 - Calculate the mass of lead chloride formed, by treating an aqueous solution of 6.62g of lead nitrate, with excess of hydrochloric acid. (Relative atomic mass of: Pb=207, Cl=35.5, H=1, O=16, N=1..
Types of Bond Fission
Homolytic Fission When the cleavage of covalent bond between two atoms takes place in a manner, which enables each atom to retain one electron of the shared pair, it is known as homolytic fission. This fission is symmetrical and leads to the formation of h..
Homolytic Fission When the cleavage of covalent bond between two atoms takes place in a manner, which enables each atom to retain one electron of the shared pair, it is known as homolytic fission. This fission is symmetrical and leads to the formation of h..Formation of hydrogen molecule
Hydrogen atom has only one electron in its outermost shell, and requires one more to acquire the nearest noble gas configuration of helium (He: 1s 2 ). To do so, two hydrogen atoms contribute one electron each to share one pair of electrons between them. This leads to..
Hydrogen atom has only one electron in its outermost shell, and requires one more to acquire the nearest noble gas configuration of helium (He: 1s 2 ). To do so, two hydrogen atoms contribute one electron each to share one pair of electrons between them. This leads to..Emission and Absorption Spectra
One can understand atomic spectra if one knows the concept of atomic energy levels. The movements of electrons from one level to another causes the spectra. The work of a spectoscopicst is to find the energy levels of an atom from the measured values of the wavelengths..
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