biology grade 11

CELL BIOLOGY - Cell Structure Enzymes Prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells (including those from plants and animals) Viruses - complexity and general structure Central Dogma of molecular biology Role of the endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Usable energy captured from sunligh..

Nature and Scope of Biology..

Nature and Scope of Biology..

. The axoneme is composed of eleven microtubules (9+2 arrangement). The movement of cilia and flagella is brought about by sliding of the nine double microtubules past each other, using energy from A..

>The variation in tandem repeats can also be detected as restriction fragment length polymorphisms, or RFLPs (DNA fragments of different sizes that had been cleaved by restriction enzymes). In the case of tandem repeats, a restriction enzyme cleaves the DNA flanking the repeat. Alternatively, resea..

Summary of Structures found in a Cell..

Many organ systems in coordination with one another form the organismic (or individual) level. A frog, for example, has various organ systems in its body like the integumentary system, digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system, excretory system, reproductive system and nervous syste..

Animals can be broadly distinguished into two major groups: The Nonchordates (or invertebrates) The chordates Nonchordates are animals which do not have a vertebral column or a backbone. Earthworm and cockroach are examples of nonchordates. Chordates are animals which have a notochord on..

When the branches arise from the sides of the stem the branching is called Lateral. fig. 27.14 Lateral Branching It is divisible into two type..

The animal kingdom is classified into distinct groups based on the body organisation discussed above. The following scheme provides an outline classification of the animal kingdom into the ten major phyla: fig. 10.3 -Phylogenetic Tree of Animal Kingd..