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It is an acronym for Light Amplification By Stimulated Emission Of Radiation . It is a process by which we get a coherent, highly monochromatic and perfectly parallel beam of light. Lasers may also be called as optical masses. It has been invented and developed in 1959. The laser..

.H. Townes and his co-workers. They discovered MASER. The principle of maser was adopted for the radiations of visible region by A. Schawloo in collaboration with Townes in the year 1958. The first laser device was developed by T .H. Maiman in the year 1960. It was "Fabry Parot Optical ca..

V) is, by chance, very close to level E 2 in neon (= 20.66 eV). So, during collisions between helium and neon atoms, the excitation energy of the helium can be readily transferred to the neon. In this way level E 2 can become more highly populated than level E 1 . This population inversion is maint..

It is material in which the laser action is made to take place. It may be solid, liquid or gas. Many lasers are named after the material used e.g. ruby laser, He-Ne laser, CO 2 laser, Nd: YAG laser etc. The most important characteristic ..

The smallest lasers used for telephone communication over optical fibres have as their active medium a semiconducting gallium arsenide crystal about the size of a pin-hea..

Ruby Laser - In 1960, T .H. Maiman constructed the first laser using a Ruby crystal. Ruby is a crystalline form of silica(Al 2 O 3 ) with a slight natural doping of chromium. It has the following advantages for being used as a laser. (i) It is a solid having suitably a..

Atoms and Nuclei..

The laser is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. The laser has been invented and developed in 1959 and 196..

Microsurgery is any operation done with the aid of microscopes. Surgeons work with spectacle - mounted magnifiers or with microscopes. Using this technique, surgeons can remove adenoma, tumours of the pituitary gland, without damaging the gland itself. Neurosurgeons, ear and eye surgeons all rely o..