cation stabilization

Anilinium ion forward by aniline by accepting a proton is not stabilized by resonance. Anilinium ion..

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All the alkali metals on exposure to air or oxygen burn vigorously, forming oxides on the surface of the metals. Lithium forms monoxide (Li 2 O), sodium forms the peroxide (Na 2 O 2 ) and the other elements form superoxides. (MO 2 : M = K, Rb, Cs). ..

Tetravalency in Carbon - A carbon atom has a total of six electrons occupying the first two shells, i.e., the K-shell has two electrons and the L-shell has four electrons. This distribution indicates that in the outermost shell there are one completely filled 's' orbital and two half-filled 'p' orb..

Radius Ratio Rules - For the stability of an ionic compound, each cation should be surrounded by maximum number of anions and vice versa. The number of oppositely charged ions surrounding each ion is called its co-ordination number. The larger is the size of the cation..

In an atom, the electrons present in various orbitals of the same subshell tend to exchange their positions which is associated with very small amount of energy. Half-filled and completely filled subshell configurations allow maximum exchange of electrons to take place. Therefore, such configurati..

. However, they predominantly show +2 valency, e.g., Mg 2 + , Ca 2 + , Ba 2 + etc. This can be explained by the fact that: Divalent ions have the stable noble gas configuration. In aqueous solution, the +2 ions of alkaline Earth metals are extensively hydrated due to their smaller size and the high..