causes of eutrophication nitrates

Water bodies are being constantly polluted by dumping of sewage which includes organic matter and by the runoff from the agricultural fields that contains fertilisers. Pollutants like sewage, organic wastes and fertilisers contain good amount of inorganic nutrients like nitrates and phos..

1) Besides inorganic nutrient input, with the inflow of waste water, decomposition of organic wastes, plant nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates takes place. This promotes the growth of oxygen consuming algae (algal bloom), especially the blue-green algae. The growth of oxygen consum..

Pesticides, detergents, chemical dyes and other industrial chemicals and their waste constitute synthetic organic compounds. When present in water, these chemicals can act as toxic poisons for plants, animals and humans. Such chemicals enter the hydrosphere either by usage, by accidental or intent..

Cities and other urban agglomerations generate such a large quantity of wastes that, their safe disposal is a great challenge. Although many technologies have been developed to ensure their safe disposal, in capital deficit countries like India adopting such technologies is either partial or neglig..

Some of the synthetic detergents have very low biodegradability. They are resistant to bacterial attack and are not fully degraded in sewage treatment units. Therefore, they cause water pollution when they are discharged into a river or any other water body. Phosphate salts present in sy..

The nitro group strongly deactivates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution. Nitro group is electron withdrawing group and thus causes electron deficiency at ortho and para positrons as is clear from the resonating structures of nitro benzen..

When pollutants like hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides combine in the presence of sunlight, smog is formed. This is a mixture of gases and since it is formed by photochemical reactions, it is called the photochemical smog. The word 'smog' is derived from the two words - smoke and fog. It forms a ye..

Inorganic Chemicals and Metals Industrial and municipal waste waters and mine run offs cause various metals and metallic compounds to be released into water. These pollutants also enter the water bodies as acid rain and their sulphate and nitrate ions make water aci..

Electrophlic Aromatic Substitution - The -OH group attached to the benzene ring in phenol activates, it towards electrophilic substitution. It directs the incoming group to ortho and para positions in the ring as these positions become electron rich due to electronic effect (also mesomeric effect) ..

>The nitric oxide so formed then reacts with more oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide. Nitrogen dioxide so formed, gets washed down by rain and forms nitrates and nitrites in the soil. Plants absorb these of nitrates and nitrites from the soil and convert them into plant proteins. A..