chemical kinetics

First Law of Thermodynamics or Law of Conservation of Energy - The total energy in the universe is present either as kinetic energy or as potential energy. For example, the water stored in a dam possesses potential energy by virtue of its height (position). When this water is allowed to f..

Law of Conservation of Energy - Let us see what is actually taking place in the following examples: Steam engine- Here the coal burns and the heat due to the combustion of coal converts water into steam and the expansive force exerted by the steam on the piston of the engine moves the locomotive. H..

states that one quantum is absorbed by the molecule responsible for the primary photochemical process. After absorption, the excited molecule can then undergo various reactions. It can form a product, it can catalyze a chain reaction, or it can get de-excited. If on absorption of one photon, one ..

Any chemical reaction requires a certain amount of energy to get initiated. This is called activation energy. Most of the molecules in a substrate have average kinetic energy, some have high energy and some have low energy. Under normal conditions of temperature only molecules w..

Initial Rate Method - This method is used for reactions where more than one reactant species are involved. Initial rates of the reaction are determined by varying the concentration of only one reactant while keeping the concentrations of other reactants constant. Initial rate of reaction correspond..

Now, from thermodynamics, it is known that the equilibrium constant K is related to the free energy of the reaction. Hence, D G for the formation of the transition state is, which the free energy of activation is given by, Then the equation for k transforms to The same derivation should hold for th..

>Law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system cannot change. A collision is said to take place when either two bodies physically collide against each other or when the path of one body is changed by the influence of the other body. A collision is said to be an el..

When a potential difference is applied across the ends of a conductor, the free electrons are accelerated and acquire kinetic energy. As the electrons move through, they collide with the positive ions and atoms of the conductor and transfer their kinetic energy to them. Between ..

. Transition State explains the rate of reaction in term of formation of a transition state of reacting molecules. The formation of transition state requires energy of activation. Transition state theory connects kinetic rates with thermodynamic properties of reactants and the transition ..

Radioactivity Spontaneous emission of active rays by certain unstable elements. Three types of radiations are: (i) Alpha particles He 2 + ion (Helium nuclei). (ii) Beta - rays - consist of electrons. (iii) Gamma - rays - High energy electromagnetic rays. Emission of alpha particle reduc..