chemical kinetics

Let us see what is actually taking place in the following examples: Steam engine- Here the coal burns and the heat due to the combustion of coal converts water into steam and the expansive force exerted by the steam on the piston of the engine moves the locomotive. Hydroelectric power plant- Here w..

A reaction is carried out at two different initial concentrations of a reactant [A], that is [A] 0 , 1 and [A] 0 , 2 and the respective t 1 / 2 values (t 1 / 2 ) and (t 1 / 2 ) 2 are obtained. The order of the reaction can be calculated as follows: ..

Calculation of Order of a Reaction from t 1/2 Values - A reaction is carried out at two different initial concentrations of a reactant [A], that is [A] 0 , 1 and [A] 0 , 2 and the respective t 1 / 2 values (t 1 / 2 ) and (t 1 / 2 ) 2 are obtained. The order of the reaction can be calculated as foll..

This method is used for reactions where more than one reactant species are involved. Initial rates of the reaction are determined by varying the concentration of only one reactant while keeping the concentrations of other reactants constant. Initial rate of reaction corresponds to the rate at the s..

Now, from thermodynamics, it is known that the equilibrium constant K is related to the free energy of the reaction. Hence, D G for the formation of the transition state is, which the free energy of activation is given by, Then the equation for k transforms to The same derivation should hold for th..

. However, at higher concentrations the surface of the catalyst becomes fully covered and any further increase in the concentration of the reactants does not affect the rate of the reaction. One very common example, is the decomposition of ammonia (NH 3 ) on finely divided platinum (e.g., 4). At ve..

>Law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system cannot change. A collision is said to take place when either two bodies physically collide against each other or when the path of one body is changed by the influence of the other body. A collision is said to be an el..

Heating Effects: Joule's Law - When a potential difference is applied across the ends of a conductor, the free electrons are accelerated and acquire kinetic energy. As the electrons move through, they collide with the positive ions and atoms of the conductor and transfer their kineti..

Every substance possesses a definite quantity of energy, under a given set of factors such as chemical nature of the substance, temperature and pressure. The total energy contained in a system or substance is called its internal energy or intrinsic energy. It is represented by the symbol..

Summary - Radioactivity Spontaneous emission of active rays by certain unstable elements. Three types of radiations are: (i) Alpha particles He 2 + ion (Helium nuclei). (ii) Beta - rays - consist of electrons. (iii) Gamma - rays - High energy electromagnetic rays. Emission of alpha particle reduces..