chemical properties of halogens

The halogens are the most reactive elements as a family. Fluorine is the most reactive of all the halogens. The reactivity of the halogens decreases down the group. The high reactivity of halogens is due to the following reason..

Both oxygen and sulphur are very reactive and the reactivity decreases as O > S > Se > Te. Oxygen is very reactive and reacts with almost all elements. Its reactivity is only slightly less than the most reactive elements, halogens. Some of the important compounds of oxygen family..

Replacement by hydroxy group (formation of phenol) When aryl halides are heated at 623 K and under pressure (300 atm), with aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, the halogen atom is replaced by hydroxyl group forming phenol. Firstly sodium phenoxide is formed, which on acidif..

Nucleophilic substitution reactions In the C-X bond there is a partial positive charge on the carbon atom and negative on the halogen atom. Thus nucleophilies attack the electron deficient carbon resulting in the displacement of the weaker nucleophile, the halide ion. Reactio..

Chemical Properties - In organic nitrile, nitrogen of the nitrile group can react with the electrophilic reagent and the carbon of the nitrile group can react with a nucleophilic reagent. The unsaturated cyano group can also be reduc..

Ethanol, being a monohydric alcohol exhibits the properties particular of that series. Monohydric alcohols can be considered as derivatives of alkanes obtained by replacing one hydrogen atom by a hydroxyl group. Similarly, they can be considered as derivatives of water obtained by replac..

Differences in chemical properties Metals have 1, 2 or 3 electrons in the outermost shell Non-metals have 4 to 8 electrons in the outermost shell Loses valence electrons and forms cations Gain or share valence electrons and form anions Electropositive Electrone..

On hydration, quick lime forms slaked lime or lime water. When water is added to lime it becomes hot and cracks to form a white powder. This is called slaking of lime. Calcium oxide is a basic oxide. It can react with acids to give calcium salts. With acidic oxides like silicon dioxide an..