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A free radical may be defined as an atom or group of atoms having an unpaired electron. Free radicals are produced during the homolytic fission of a covalent bond. The alkyl free radical may be obtained when free radical chlorine attacks methane...

Ammonia is present in atmospheric air and in natural water in trace amounts. However in sewage water, it is present in greater proportion. It is also produced by decay of plant and animal tissues. Ammonia is released into the atmosphere by the decomposition of organic wastes of humans. Remem..

These are very reactive species having unpaired electron..

Free energy of a system is defined as the maximum amount of energy available to a system during a process that can be converted into useful work. In other words it is a measure of capacity of a system to do useful work. It is denoted by symbol G and is given..

The carbon atom in alkyl free radicals involves sp 2 hybridization. Therefore, it has a planar structure. Three hybrid orbitals are used in the formation of three s -bonds with three H atoms or alkyl group. The unpaired electron is present in unhybridized p orbital...

Standard Free Energy Change - The standard free energy change is defined as the free energy change for a process at 298 K and 1 atmospheric pressure in which the reactants in their standard states are converted to the products in their standard states. Like the standar..

The standard free energy change is defined as the free energy change for a process at 298 K and 1 atmospheric pressure in which the reactants in their standard states are converted to the products in their standard states. Like the standard enthalpy of formation of an elem..

For chain growth polymerization to occur by a radical mechanism, a radical initiator must be added to the monomer to convert it into a radical. The initiator breaks homolytically into radicals and each radical adds to an alkene monomer, converting it into a radical. The radical site reacts with ano..

For chain growth polymerization to occur by a radical mechanism, a radical initiator must be added to the monomer to convert it into a radical. The initiator breaks homolytically into radicals and each radical adds to an alkene monomer, converting it into a radical. The radical site reacts wi..

We have learnt that of D G is a measure of the spontaneity of a chemical reaction. It can be shown that the free energy of a process is equal to maximum possible work that can be derived from the process as given below: From first law of thermodynamics, it is known that D E = q + w, where..