circuits related to analog and digital communication

Analog and Digital Communication - The concept of information is central to communication. There is no precise definition of the word "information". So, instead of information, we deal with "message". Message is defined as the physical manifestation of inform..

The concept of information is central to communication. There is no precise definition of the word "information". So, instead of information, we deal with "message". Message is defined as the physical manifestation of information as produced by the source There are two distinct message ca..

A common format for encoding different kinds of message signals (e.g., speech signal, video signal, computer data, etc.) for the purpose of transmissio..

.e., facsimile of printed matter or pictures) use a similar mechanism. In the case of intercontinental telecommunication, two or more satellites are linked together. High frequency radio and submarine cable systems have been widely used for long- distance overseas telecommunications. The high frequ..

Ampere's law is a useful relation that is analogous to Gauss's law. Ampere's law is a relationship between the tangential component of magnetic field at points on a closed curve and the net current through the area bounded by the curv..

Ampere's law is a useful relation that is analogous to Gauss's law. Ampere's law is a relationship between the tangential component of magnetic field at points on a closed curve and the net current through the area bounded by the curve. Ampere's law is formulated in terms of t..

For amore efficient use of PSTN, we treat it as what is really is an almost entirely digital network that is nonlinear...

. Let us now focus our attention on modems that provide communication between a user and an Internet Service Provider (ISP) over the PSTN. Traditionally, the PSTN has been viewed as an analog network. However, in reality, the PSTN has become an almost entirely digital ..

The simplest approach to the design of modems is to treat the entire PSTN as a linear analog network. [Note that PSTN is almost entirely due to the use of pulse-code modulation (PCM) for the transmission of voice signals.]..

. If the mathematical sums do not match, the modems communicate with each other by resending the missing segments of data. Modems also have special circuitry that allows them to compress digital signals before modulating them and then decompressing them after demodulating the si..