coal and petroleum distillation process

Petroleum is brought to the surface by drilling a hole in the Earth's crust and sinking pipes deep down through the impervious cap rock. Natural gas first comes out under high pressure. Then, petroleum is pumped out, collected in tanks and transported, for further processi..

On destructive distillation, coal yields useful products like coal gas, coal tar, ammonia and coke. Generation of electricity Domestic fuel for cooking and heating Manufacture of synthetic petroleum and natural gas To heat water in ste..

Carbon scraped from the walls of the retort used for the destructive distillation of coal is called gas carbon. During refining of crude petroleum, petroleum coke is deposited on the walls of the distillation tower. Both, gas carbon and petrol..

Coal is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons. It also contains some organic compounds containing nitrogen and sulphur in small amounts. It can be approximated to the formula (C 3 H 4 ) n . Coal is a hydrogen-deficient substance. It is assumed that the basic structure of coalh..

Distillation under reduced pressure or vacuum is carried out in a specially designed glass apparatus. A two necked 'Claisen's flask' is used, the main neck of which is fitted with a long capillary tube and the side neck being fitted with a thermometer. The side tube is connected to a con..

The aqueous solution of the compound (to be extracted) is taken in a separating funnel. A small quantity of a suitable organic solvent is added to this. The separating funnel is stoppered and the contents are shaken for some time. The funnel is then allowed to stand undisturbed on a tripod stand f..

The clay is first washed with water in wash mill to remove the foreign materials. Powdered lime is added to clay and the mixture is finely ground and homogenised. The clay-lime slurry (40% water present) or the dry pulverized mixture (in the case of dry process) is introduced into..

Separation of petroleum into simpler fractions after the removal of unwanted material..

This liquid air contains two main substances, nitrogen and oxygen in liquid forms whose boiling points are -196 o C and -183 o C respectively. So when this liquid air is allowed to warm up, nitrogen with low boiling point boils over first and is separated. What remains behind is liquid oxygen, whi..